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Not enough carbon dioxide!?
The Odessa port plant in the Ukraine produces ammonia and other nitrogenous fertilisers.   Scientists agree that too much carbon dioxide is still being released into the atmosphere by human activity. Yet in this recent article, the BBC report on how a shortage of carbon dioxide is causing concern for meat producers and consumers amongst others.... Carbon dioxide 'threatens food security' says meat  industry - BBC...
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Crude Combustion and Consumption
Hybrids help by being part electric which makes them more efficient but they still burn hydrocarbons. If you're starting out on  an A level chemistry course take a little time to revise the bits of chemistry below.  You will have performed calculations involving mass changes and you will have studied combustion reactions. In the video I've done a rough calculation to see how much we think we might have reduced our...
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Chirality : left hand / right hand?
Some molecules exist in two forms - a left handed and right handed form. Chemistry Nobel awarded for mirror-image molecules - BBC News Two scientists have been awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on building molecules that are mirror images of one another. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58814418 Edexcel Year 13 chemistry students will find out that molecules can be "handed". This is ...
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Strong or weak, acid or base ?
Universal indicator is useful for giving an estimated value for the pH of a substance This is one of the tougher topics in year 13 chemistry.  In this post David deals with calculating the pH of strong acids and introduces some neat simulations.  Assumed background knowledge This topic is mostly about equilibria so it is important to understand that concept first. Before tackling this topic make sure you : unders...
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Organic synthesis
Organic Reaction pathways  OCRAQAEdexcel Aliphatic routes  Aromatic routes Learn the reagents and changes  Enter your text here ...
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Three questions:
water expands when it freezes and ice therefore floats 1. Why is water a liquid and not a gas ( between 0 and 100oC) ? Water has a Relative Molecular mass ( Mr) of 18 ... Oxygen's Mr is 32. If Mr was the only factor that affects the state of a substance then wouldn't you expect water to be a gas ? 2. Why does Ice float on water? Most liquids become more dense as they cool. This caus...
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